The ideal time to visit is around new moon or full moon, and up to three days after, when the tidal current is at its strongest. No wonder why people from all around the world travel to Northern Norway to experience the world-famous nature phenomena. We are talking 400 million cubic metres of seawater moving at an impressive 13 kilometres per hour on average – far more when the current is at its strongest. Here’s what not to miss while visiting the world’s strongest tidal current.įour times a day, a huge volume of water forces its way through the 150-metre narrow strait in Saltstraumen, making enormous whirlpools that dance between the fjords. There’s a lot of cool (and safe) ways to experience the maelstrom. You can hear the sound of the extreme forces of nature, as 400 million cubic meters of water cross the narrow strait. When the tide turns and flows in and out between the fjords, spectacular maelstroms are created in Saltstraumen. Massive forces are in play between the two fjords Saltenfjorden and Skjerstadfjorden, outside the city of Bodø in Northern Norway. The Saltstraumen Maelstrom is one of Norway's more unusual natural occurrences, which is guaranteed to occur four times every 24 hours.Do you want to visit the hourglass of the universe? At the 3km-long, 150m-wide Saltstraumen Strait, the tides cause one fjord to drain into another, creating the equivalent of a maelstrom at sea. The result is a churning, 20-knot watery chaos that shifts over 400 million cu metres of water one way, then the other, every six hours. This maelstrom, claimed to be the world's largest, is actually a kinetic series of smaller whirlpools that form, surge, coalesce, then disperse, and it's an ideal environment for plankton, which in turn attract an abundance of fish and therefore anglers.īeing there at the right time involves careful planning. Whirlpools of the maelstrom of Saltstraumen, Nordland, Norway. In spring, you can also see the squawking colonies of gulls that nest on the midstream island of Storholmen.Īt its best – which is most of the time – it's an exhilarating spectacle. The maelstrom off Norway, as illustrated by Olaus Magnus on the Carta Marina, 1539. Photo about current, norway, fjord, environment, blue, flow, norwegian, northern, hole. One of the first scientific descriptions of Moskstraumen was presented by the Norwegian priest and national poet Petter Dass in his poem Nordlands Trompet which included a versified topographical description of northern Norway. Should you be unlucky enough to hit an off day, it may recall little more than the water swirling around your bath plug. They call it the Lofoten Wall, this island chain that seems to rise up sheer and black out of the Norwegian Sea, frosted with white in winter, emerald green. The experience is more immediate from the shoreline, but for the best views, stand on the arching Saltstraumbrua bridge, overlooking the strait, and watch as the waters swirl like nebulae.Īs a general rule, when the tide is coming in from the west, the best views are on the east side of the bridge. When the tide's going out, they're on the west side. Arrive early enough to visit the visitor centre and check which way things are going. Pick up a tide table in advance from the tourist office in Bodø or elsewhere, or your hotel none are on display at the site itself.
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Results from our studies have also shown that TEA is associated with two particular types of memory difficulty between attacks:Īccelerated forgetting and Autobiographical amnesia Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) (which involves brief, recurrent, witnessed episodes of transient amnesia with evidence of EEG abnormalities) was also in the. Memory difficulties involve a mixture of anterograde and retrograde amnesia.Clinicians often make an incorrect initial diagnosis of the condition Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is an underestimated condition in emergency clinical setting, where most of transient amnesic episodes tend to be classified as transient global amnesia (TGA).Often associated with hallucinations of smell & involuntary movements (automatisms).The amnesic attacks are recurrent (average 12 per year).The amnesic attack is brief (typically 30-60 minutes duration).The syndrome predominantly occurs in men (male to female ratio 2:1).Onset typically occurs in late-middle to old age (median 62 years).A clear response to anti-epileptic drugsīutler and colleagues recruited 50 patients with TEA using these diagnostic criteria in order to assess the clinical features of the syndrome.The experience of other common epileptic symptoms, such as, involuntary movements, hallucinations of smell or feeling a swirling sensation in your tummy. Cognitive functions besides memory remain intact (e.g.Consequently, transient epileptic amnesia may be readily misdiagnosed as a nonepileptic memory dysfunction in older individuals. Recurrent witnessed episodes of amnesia Transient epileptic amnesia is a rare but probably underrecognized form of temporal lobe epilepsy, which typically manifests as episodic isolated memory loss.Distinguishing TEA from other causes of amnesic attacks is an important step in developing successful treatment programmes for this form of amnesia and its associated memory deficits.Ī diagnosis of TEA requires the following: The diagnosis of transient epileptic amnesia was made on the basis of the following criteria: (1) there was a history of recurrent witnessed episodes of transient amnesia (2) cognitive functions other than memory were judged to be intact during typical episodes by a reliable witness (3) there was evidence for a diagnosis of epilepsy. Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a subtype of medial temporal lobe epilepsy with late onset. TEA is often misdiagnosed as either transient global amnesia (TGA) or psychogenic amnesia. It has recently been recognised that transient amnesia can also be caused by epilepsy. The main differential diagnosis is transient global amnesia (TGA). TEA is characterized by recurrent episodes of acute transient amnesia lasting less than one hour. There are a number of well recognised causes of transient amnesia, the most common probably being head injury, followed by transient global amnesia, migraine, drugs and rarely, transient ischemic attacks (“mini strokes”). Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a subtype of medial temporal lobe epilepsy with late onset. “Transient amnesia” refers to repeated attacks of memory loss. Given the favourable outcome with antiseizure treatment, our case study illustrates the role of long-term EEG monitoring in patients with recurrent transient amnesia to establish a correct diagnosis. Treatment with levetiracetam resulted in complete recovery and seizure freedom that was confirmed on a second long-term EEG. MRI was normal and diagnosis was made using long-term EEG (27Â hours), revealing 10 right-sided temporal lobe seizures with subtle clinical symptoms lasting up to 86Â seconds. Here, we report a 58-year-old male patient with recurrent episodes of antero- and retrograde amnesia. Effective antiseizure treatment is usually rapid in patients with TEA, which underlines the need for prompt diagnosis. Seizures are characterized by amnesia, usually lasting less than one hour, and interictal memory deficits that are common. Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a distinct syndrome affecting middle-aged persons without concurrent brain disease or disposition to epileptic seizures. |
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